How Much Did Early Christians Refer to the Apocrypha and Other Books? – July 2016 version |
|
Note that Ecclesiasticus, Sirach and “Wisdom of Jesus the son of Sirach” are three names for the same book. |
|
Rows: red = persecution of Christians, green = heresy, orange = schism, blue = Bible manuscripts, pink = strange teacher, brown = Christians persecuting others |
W = Books and quotes mentioned by name or by writer G = Quoted as God or Lord says or God’s Word I = Implied blank = not researched yet m = mixed X = rejected - no reference found
S = Referred to as scripture, gospel, or by apostle(s) E =not scripture but good to read Q = quotes 1 or more verses ½ = quote of ½ verse A = Allusion
Writer |
Pages |
Date A.D. |
Tobit |
Ju-dith |
Wis-dom |
Ecclus |
Baruch |
Bel |
Susan |
3 Holy |
Manas |
3 Esdra |
4 Esdr |
1 Mac |
2 Mac |
3 Mac |
4 Mac |
Add Esth |
Ps 151 |
Ps 152-3 |
Ps 154-5 |
1 En och |
Sibyl |
Positive mention of other books |
Writer |
Dead Sea Scrolls |
|
before 68 A.D. |
Q |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
Q |
Q |
- |
Jubilees, Epistle of Jeremiah |
Dead Sea Scrolls |
Jews in Palestine. Jamnia |
|
70-90 C.E. |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
- |
- |
- |
X |
X |
X |
Jews in Palestine. Council of Jamnia 70 C.E. |
Hellenistic Jews |
|
c.400 B.C.- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
m |
m |
m |
m |
m |
- |
Others |
Hellenistic Jews |
Nero and Domitian persecute Christians |
|
50 and 95/96 |
Est. 500K Christians. Christians were labeled atheists and publicly tortured and killed for refusing to worship the emperor and pagan idols. |
Nero and Domitian persecute Christians |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Clement of Rome (wrote 1 Clement) |
16 ¼ |
96-98 |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Clement of Rome (wrote 1 Clement) |
Papias of Hierapolis, disciple of John |
2 |
95-110 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Papias of Hierapolis, disciple of John |
“Presbyters” (Papias?) |
½ |
95-117 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
“Presbyters” (Papias?) |
Ignatius disciple of John (shortest version) |
13 |
c.100-117 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Ignatius disciple of John (shortest version) |
Trajan persecutes Christians |
|
107-117 |
Answered Pliny the Younger’s letter. Christians are not to be sought after, but only killed if found. |
Trajan persecutes Christians |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Didache (=Teaching of the Twelve Apostles) |
4 ¾ |
before 125 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Didache (=Teaching of the Twelve Apostles) |
Apology of Aristides (Greek version) |
4 |
125 or138-161 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Apology of Aristides (Greek version) |
Quadratus of Athens fragment (apologist) |
1/8 |
126 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Quadratus of Athens fragment (apologist) |
Letter to Diognetus (=Mathetes to Diognetus) |
5 ¼ |
130-150 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Letter to Diognetus (=Mathetes to Diognetus) |
Hadrian persecutes Christians |
|
118 & 134 |
Hadrian loved Greek culture, and he persecuted both Jews and Christians. The Jewish Bar Cochba revolt happened under him. |
Hadrian persecutes Christians |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Letter of Barnabas |
12 ½ |
100-150 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Letter of Barnabas |
2 Clement (anonymous writer) |
5 ¾ |
c.150 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
2 Clement (anonymous writer) |
Polycarp, disciple of John, to the Philippians |
3 ½ |
100-155 |
½ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Polycarp to the Philippians |
Bar Cochba persecutes Christians |
|
135 |
Christians persecuted in Israel because Christians would not join Bar Cochba’s revolt. |
Bar Cochba persecutes Christians |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Total Apostolic Fathers – until 155 A.D. |
67.7 |
-155 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Total Apostolic Fathers – until 155 A.D. |
Shepherd of Hermas |
46 ½ |
c.160 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Eldad and Modat/Modad |
Shepherd of Hermas |
Justin Martyr of Neocaesarea, Samaritan philosopher and apologist |
137 |
c.138-165 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
E |
Gk philosophers Philemon, Plato’s Timeaeus, Acts of Pontius Pilate |
Justin Martyr of Neocaesarea, Samaritan philosopher and apologist |
Evarestus’ Martyrdom of Polycarp |
5 |
c.169 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Evarestus’ Martyrdom of Polycarp |
Gnostic heresies become widespread |
|
c.170- |
Gnostics all believed the Creator was evil or foolish. Rejecting the Old Testament, they mixed Greek paganism and Christianity. |
many |
Gnostic heresies become widespread |
||||||||||||||||||||
Tatian, pupil of Justin, later Encratite Gnostic |
18+86 |
Died 172 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Tatian, pupil of Justin, later Encratite Gnostic |
Dionysius of Corinth (wrote against Marcion) |
1/3 |
170 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Dionysius of Corinth |
Persecution of Marcus Aurelius |
|
162/166-180 |
Aurelius was a Stoic philosopher. Persecution, mainly in Gaul, ended with his death. |
Persecution of Marcus Aurelius |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Christians of Vienna and Lugdunum (Lyons) |
6 ½ |
177 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Christians of Vienna and Lugdunum (Lyons) |
Athenagoras (apologist) |
33 ½ |
177 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Q |
Some truths in Hesiod, Plato, Callimachus, Pindar, Socrates |
Athenagoras (apologist) |
Claudius Apollinaris of Hierapolis |
½ |
177, 160-180 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Claudius Apollinaris of Hierapolis |
Hegesippus (chronicler) |
2 ½ |
170-180 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Hegesippus |
Melito/Meleto of Sardis (Quartodecimian) |
11 |
170-177/180 |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
W |
X |
X |
X |
X |
- |
- |
- |
- |
X |
E |
- |
Melito/Meleto of Sardis (Quartodecimian) |
Rhodon (against Marcion and Apelles) |
½ |
180 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Rhodon (against Marcion and Apelles) |
Theophilus of Antioch (to Autolycus) |
32 |
168-181/188 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
E |
- |
Theophilus of Antioch (to Autolycus) |
Ebionites & Clementina -OT Law, Father, Son |
265 ½ |
-188 - |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Ebionites & Clementina -OT,Law, Father, Son |
Irenaeus of Lyons, disciple of Polycarp |
284 ¾ |
182-188 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Irenaeus of Lyons, disciple of Polycarp |
Passion of the Scillitan Martyrs (died 180 A.D.) |
¾ |
180-202 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Passion of the Scillitan Martyrs (died 180 A.D.) |
Maximus of Jerusalem (wrote on origin of evil) |
5 |
185-196 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Maximus of Jerusalem (wrote on origin of evil) |
Polycrates of Ephesus (Quartodecimian) |
½ |
196 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Polycrates of Ephesus (Quartodecimian) |
Caius and the Muratorian Canon |
3 |
190-217 |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Caius and the Muratorian Canon |
Sabellian heresy (Praxeas, Noetus, Callistus) |
|
200-257- |
Sabellians believed the Father, Son, and Spirit were one person. They were also called Patripassians for “passion of the Father”. |
|
Sabellian heresy (Praxeas, Noetus, Callistus) |
||||||||||||||||||||
Persecution of Septimus Severus |
|
202 |
Est. 2M Christians. Although a Christian helped him in an illness, he did not repeal existing laws against Christians. Persecution in Syria, Egypt |
Persecution of Septimus Severus |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Passion of Perpetua and Felicitas |
7 |
c.201/205 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Passion of Perpetua and Felicitas |
Romans kill first known martyrs in Britain |
|
209 |
Alban, Julius, and Aaron were formerly thought killed in 304/5 A.D. |
Romans kill first known martyrs in Britain |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Serapion of Antioch (against Marcion) |
1/3 |
200-210 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Serapion of Antioch (against Marcion) |
Minucius Felix (The Octavius) |
25 |
210 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Minucius Felix (The Octavius) |
Apollonius of Ephesus (against Montanists) |
1 |
c.210 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Apollonius of Ephesus (against Montanists) |
Clement of Alexandria |
424 |
193-217/220 |
W |
W |
Q |
- |
Q |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
½ W |
½ W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
E |
- |
Clement of Alexandria |
Tertullian (joined the Montanist Church) |
736 |
198-220 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
A |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
E |
- |
Tertullian (joined Montanist church) |
Tertullian’s 5 Books Against Marcion |
194 |
207/8 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Tertullian’s 5 Books Against Marcion |
Bardaisan/Bardesan of Syria (heretical) |
11 ½ |
-224/232 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Bardaisan/Bardesan of Syria (heretical) |
Asterius Urbanus (against Montanists) |
2 ¾ |
c.232 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Asterius Urbanus (against Montanists) |
Elchasaite Ebionites (said Jesus God’s Son) |
2 ¼ |
before 236 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Elchasaite Ebionites (said Jesus God’s Son) |
Hippolytus, pupil of Irenaeus (undisputed) |
218 |
222-235/6 |
A |
- |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
W |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
X |
X |
X |
- |
- |
- |
Hippolytus, pupil of Irenaeus (undisputed) |
Maximin Thrax persecutes Christians |
|
235-238 |
First empire-wide persecution, but only of clergy. Persecution stopped when his soldiers assassinated him. |
Maximin Thrax persecutes Christians |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Theodotus the probable Montanist |
7 ¾ |
ca.240 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Theodotus the probable Montanist |
Instructions of Commodianus |
16 |
c.240 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Instructions of Commodianus |
Julius Africanus (undisputed writings) |
9 |
232-245 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
X |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Julius Africanus (undisputed writings) |
Alexander of Cappadocia (Clem. A’.s pupil) |
¾ |
233-251 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Alexander of Cappadocia (Clem. A’.s pupil) |
Origen (heterodox teacher) |
742 |
225-254 |
W |
A |
m |
- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Origen (heterodox teacher) |
Severe persecution by Decius and Gallus |
|
250-251 - 253 |
First Christian schism. Were Christians who sacrificed but repented eventually allowed back, or doomed forever (Novatian)? |
Severe persecution by Decius and Gallus |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Novatian (his schism lasted over 200 years) |
38 ½ |
250/254-257 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Novatian (his schism lasted over 200 years) |
Anonymous Treatise Against Novatian |
6 ½ |
254-256 |
- |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Anonymous Treatise Against Novatian |
Anonymous Treatise on Rebaptism |
11 |
c.250-258 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Anonymous Treatise on Rebaptism |
Cyprian of Carthage (against Novatian) |
250 ¾ |
c.246-258 |
W |
- |
W |
W |
W |
A |
W |
W |
- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Cyprian of Carthage (against Novatian) |
Roman church leaders (ltr 2,29,30) |
1 + 4 ¾ |
250-251 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Roman church leaders (ltr 2,29,30) |
Caldonius to Cyprian (letter 18) |
¾ |
250-251 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Caldonius to Cyprian (letter 18) |
Celerinus to Lucian (letter 20) |
1 ¼ |
250-251 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Celerinus to Lucian (letter 20) |
Lucian to Celerinus (letter 21) |
¾ |
250-251 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Lucian to Celerinus (letter 21) |
Moyses, et al. to Cyprian (letter 25) |
2 ½ |
250 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Moyses, et al. to Cyprian (letter 25) |
Cornelius to Cyprian (letters 45,47) |
1 ¼ |
c.246-256 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Cornelius to Cyprian (Letters 45,47) |
Maximus, et al. to Cyprian (ltr 49) |
¼ |
c.246-256 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Maximus, et al. to Cyprian (ltr 49) |
Firmilian of Caesarea to Cyprian (74) |
7 ¼ |
256 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Firmilian of Caesarea to Cyprian (74) |
Nemesianus, et al. to Cyprian (77) |
¾ |
c.254-257 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Nemesianus, et al. to Cyprian (77) |
Lucius and the brethren to Cyprian (78) |
½ |
c.254-257 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Lucius and the brethren to Cyprian (78) |
Felix & the rest of the martyrs to Cyprian (79) |
¼ |
c.254-257 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Felix & the rest of the martyrs to Cyprian (79) |
Seventh Council of Carthage (85 bishops) |
7 ¼ |
258 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Seventh Council of Carthage (85 bishops) |
Pontius’ The Life and Passion of Cyprian |
7 ½ |
After 258 |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Pontius’ The Life and Passion of Cyprian |
Valerian persecutes Christians |
|
257-260 |
2nd most severe Roman persecution. Tolerant at first, but then general Macrianus influenced him. Stopped when Persian Shapur I captured him. |
Valerian persecutes Christians |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Theognostus of Alexandria (Origenist) |
½ |
260 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Theognostus of Alexandria (Origenist) |
Gregory Thaumaturgus (undisputed works) |
28 ½ |
240-265 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Gregory Thaumaturgus (undisputed works) |
Dionysius of Alexandria (Origenist) |
39 ½ |
246-265 |
- |
- |
A |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Dionysius of Alexandria (Origenist) |
Dionysius of Rome (Against the Sabellians) |
1 |
259-269 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Dionysius of Rome (Against the Sabellians) |
Malchion (Against Paul of Samosata) |
2 ½ |
270 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Malchion (Against Paul of Samosata) |
Aurelian Persecution |
|
270 |
At first tolerant, Aurelian died soon after he decided to persecute Christians. |
Aurelian Persecution |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Paul of Samosata, deposed bishop of Antioch |
|
260-272 |
Greedy, Adoptionist Monarchian. i.e. the Logos sentered into Jesus at baptism. |
Paul of Samosata, deposed bishop of Antioch |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Pierius of Alexandria (fragment) |
½ |
275 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Pierius of Alexandria (fragment) |
Archelaus Disputation with Manes |
58 ¾ |
262-278 |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Archelaus Disputation with Manes |
Anatolius of Alexandria (mathematician) |
7 ½ |
270-280 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
Anatolius of Alexandria (mathematician) |
Theonas of Alexandria (Letter to Lucianus) |
3 |
282-300 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Theonas of Alexandria (bishop for 18 years) |
Adamantius Dialog on the True Faith in God |
42 |
c.300 |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
possible allusion to 2 Enoch |
Adamantius Dialog on the True Faith in God |
Marcionite Megethius disputing Adamantius |
c.2 |
c.300 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Marcionite Megethius disputing Adamantius |
Marcionite Marcus disputing Adamantius |
c.2 |
c.300 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Marcionite Marcus disputing Adamantius |
Bardasene Marinus disputing Adamantius |
c.2 |
c.300 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Bardasene Marinus disputing Adamantius |
Valentinian Doserius disputing Adamantius |
c.2 |
c.300 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Valentinian Doserius disputing Adamantius |
Alexander of Lycopolis Of the Manichaeans |
12 |
301 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Alexander of Lycopolis (ex-Manichaean) |
Arnobius Against the Heathen (undisputed) |
126 ½ |
297-303 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Plato’s Timaeus |
Arnobius Against the Heathen (undisputed) |
Victorinus of Petau, Austria (OT commentator) |
18 ½ |
martyred 304 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Victorinus of Petau in Austria |
King Tiridates III of Armenia |
|
>287-300 |
At first persecuted Christians, then became one through Gregory the Illuminator |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Most severe persecution was by Diocletian |
|
284, 303-305 |
Est 5M Christians. Most severe Roman persecution of all. Leveled churches, destroyed scriptures. Killed many Christians for not sacrificing. |
Most severe persecution was by Diocletian |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Council of Elvira (21 undisputed canons) |
c.1 |
306/307 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Council of Elvira (21 undisputed canons) |
Phileas of Thmuis/Tmai, Egyptian Delta |
2 ½ |
beheaded 307 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Phileas of Thmuis/Tmai, Egyptian Delta |
Pamphilus disciple of Pierius (Origenist) |
2 ¾ |
martyred 309 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Pamphilus disciple of Pierius (Origenist) |
Peter of Alexandria (undisputed) |
8 ½ |
306,285-311 |
- |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Peter of Alexandria (against Origen & Meletius) |
Methodius (corrected Origen’s followers) |
79 ½ |
270-311/312 |
- |
W |
W |
W |
A |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Methodius (corrected Origen’s followers) |
Council of Ancyra (about 12 bishops) |
3 1/3 |
314 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Council of Ancyra (about 12 bishops) |
Council of Neocaesarea (Basil and others) |
1 1/3 |
c.315 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Council of Neocaesarea (Basil and others) |
Martyrdom of Habib the Deacon by Theophilus |
5 ½ |
events c.315 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Martyrdom of Habib the Deacon by Theophilus |
Athanasius Against The Heathen & Incarnation |
56 |
318 |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Athanasius Against The Heathen & Incarnation |
Licinius tyrannizes Christians in the east |
315-323 |
Persecution was political due to Christian support of his foe, Constantine. Constantine defeated him a few times from 314 to 324 AD. |
Licinius tyrannizes Christians in the east |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Lactantius, tutor of Constantine ’s son |
305 ½ |
c.303-c.325 |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
E |
parts of Greek philosophy |
Lactantius, tutor of Constantine ’s son |
Alexander of Alexandria (Origenist, undisputed) |
11 ½ |
313-326 |
- |
- |
- |
S |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Alexander of Alexandria (Origenist, undisputed) |
Christian writer totals: all symbols except P’s |
4280½ |
up to 325 |
7-1 |
4-1 |
10-1 |
6-1 |
5-1 |
3-1 |
7-2 |
4-1 |
0-1 |
1-1 |
3-1 |
3½ -1 |
1½-1 |
0-1 |
0-1 |
0 |
0-1 |
0-1 |
0-1 |
2-1 |
6 e |
|
Christian writer totals: all symbols except P’s |
Arian heresy spreads, starting in Alexandria |
|
c.318-523 |
Arians believed that Jesus was God, but not the same substance as the Father, and there was a time when Jesus was not. |
|
Arial heresy spreads, starting in Alexandria |
||||||||||||||||||||
Constantine legalizes Christianity |
|
324 |
Non-violently closed pagan temples so that his subjects would attend churches instead |
|
Constantine legalizes Christianity |
||||||||||||||||||||
Council of Nicea condemns Arianism |
3 |
325 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Council of Nicea condemns Arianism |
Juvencus (wrote a commentary: The Gospels) |
|
329 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Juvencus (wrote a commentary: The Gospels) |
In Persia, Shapur II persecutes Christians |
|
325-381 |
Persecution started once Christianity became the official Roman religion. Smaller countries became Christian and allied themselves with Rome. |
In Persia, Shapur II persecutes Christians |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Eusebius of Caesarea (leader at Nicea) |
c.404 |
318-339/340 |
Q |
- |
- |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Eusebius of Caesarea (present at Nicea) |
Synod of Antioch in Encaeniis (97 bishops) |
3 ½ |
341 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Synod of Antioch in Encaeniis |
Mild Arian Creed of Antioch |
1 |
c.341-344 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Mild Arian Creed of Antioch |
Council of Sardica (Greek) (church discipline) |
5 |
343/344 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Council of Sardica (Greek) (church discipline) |
Aphrahat the Syrian, Select Demonstrations |
67 ¼ |
337-345 |
- |
- |
- |
½ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Aphrahat the Syrian, Select Demonstrations |
The Macrostich Creed |
2 |
344/345 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
The Macrostich Creed |
Poem on the Passion of the Lord |
1 |
315-350 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Poem on the Passion of the Lord |
Vaticanus manuscript [B] |
|
325-350 |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
~W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Vaticanus manuscript (B) |
Sinaiticus manuscript [Aleph] |
|
340-350 |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
W |
|
~W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Sinaiticus manuscript |
First Council of Sirmium (Greek creed) |
1 ½ |
351 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
First Council of Sirmium (Greek creed) |
Ammonas (a founder of monasticism) |
|
340-348/53 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ammonas (a founder of monasticism) |
Theodore of Heraclea |
|
355 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Theodore of Heraclea |
Council of Arminium, Nicene/Arian compromise |
½ |
355 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Council of Arminium, Nicene/Arian compromise |
Synod of Seleucia in Isauria |
1/5 |
357/358 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Synod of Seleucia in Isauria |
Arian Roman Emperor Constantius |
|
337-353-361 |
Orthodox bishops were banished, and Athanasius had to go into hiding. |
|
Arian Roman Emperor Constantius |
||||||||||||||||||||
Arian Creed of Nica in Thrace |
½ |
356-361 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Arian Creed of Nica (in Theodoret’s History) |
Life of Antony (possibly by Athanasius) |
26.5 |
356-362 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Life of Antony (possibly by Athanasius) |
Arian Candidus’ Two Letters to Marius |
c.4 |
359-362 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Arian Candidus’ Two Letters to Marius |
Marius’s Reply to Candidus (partial) |
c.8 |
359-362 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Marius’s Reply to Candidus (partial) |
Christians killed in Alexandria and Gaza |
|
361-363 |
Emperor Julian the Apostate reigns for 18 months and shows some toleration, yet permits pagans to persecute Christians. |
Christians killed in Alexandria and Gaza |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Hilary of Poitiers (taught Martin of Tours) |
230 |
355-367/368 |
- |
- |
S |
- |
W |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
S |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Hilary of Poitiers (taught Martin of Tours) |
Synopsis Scripturae Sacrae |
|
350-370 |
E |
E |
E |
E |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X No others |
Synopsis Scripturae Sacrae |
Arian Roman Valens kills Christians in east |
|
370 |
Valens is finally killed in battle by the Goths, who had converted to Arianism, but never gained his favor |
Arian Roman Valens kills Christians in east |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Eusebius of Vercelli |
|
died 370/371 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eusebius of Vercelli |
Athanasius of Alexandria (partial) |
424 |
367,325-373 |
E |
E |
E |
E |
W |
- |
W |
- |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
X No others |
Athanasius of Alexandria (partial) |
Marcellus of Ancyra (Mt, etc.) |
|
c.374 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Marcellus of Ancyra (Mt, etc.) |
Optatus of Milevis (converted by Augustine) |
|
364-375 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Optatus of Milevis (converted by Augustine) |
Athanaric persecutes Orthodox Visigoths |
|
369-376 |
Athanaric first persecuted all Orthodox Christians and Arians, but after converting to Arianism persecuted only Orthodox Christians. |
Athanaric persecutes Orthodox Visigoths |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Ephraim/Ephrem, Syrian hymn-writer (partial) |
162 |
345-378 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Ephraim, Syrian hymn-writer, commentator |
Basil of Cappadocia (Origenist) (partial) |
326 |
357-378/379 |
- |
W |
Q |
W |
W |
A |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Basil of Cappadocia (unafraid Arian Emperor) |
Synod of Laodicea (in Phrygia) |
4 ½ |
343-381 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Synod of Laodicea (in Phrygia) |
Council of Gangra (vs. Eustastius of Sabaste) |
1 1/3 |
345-381 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Council of Gangra (vs. Eustastius of Sabaste) |
First Council of Constantinople -150 bishops |
3 ¾ |
381-382 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
First Council of Constantinople -150 bishops |
Eunomius of Cyzicus -extreme Arian |
c.8 |
c.360-383/394 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Eunomius of Cyzicus -extreme Arian |
Cyril of Jerusalem (cross over Jerusalem) |
154 |
c.349-386 |
- |
- |
W |
Q |
S |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Cyril of Jerusalem (fed poor from church funds) |
Ambrose of Milan (against Arianism) |
446 ¼ |
370-390 |
Q |
W |
S |
W |
S |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Ambrose of Milan (against Arianism) |
The Donatist Tyconius, Augustine’s opponent |
|
After 390 A.D. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Donatist Tyconius, Augustine’s opponent |
Gregory of Nazianzen (leader at Constant.) |
275 |
330-391 |
- |
S |
Q |
Q |
A |
A |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Gregory of Nazianzen (leader at Constant.) |
Pacian of Barcelona |
c.23 |
342-379/392 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Pacian of Barcelona |
Amphilochius Iambi ad Seleucum |
|
-394 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amphilochius Iambi ad Seleucum |
Council of Constantinople, under Nectarius |
1 |
394 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Council of Constantinople, under Nectarius |
Gregory of Nyssa (Origenist) |
495 |
c.356-397 |
- |
- |
W |
- |
Q |
A |
S |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Gregory of Nyssa (Origenist) |
Didymus the Blind (Origenist) |
|
398 |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Didymus the Blind |
Luciferian schism (Lucifer of Cagliari, Sardinia) |
|
361-c.399 |
Orthodox beliefs, except would never accept back repentant Arian/Semi-Arian clergy |
|
Luciferian schism (Lucifer of Cagliari) |
||||||||||||||||||||
Syriac Book of Steps (Liber Graduum) |
c.189 |
350-400 |
|
- |
|
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Syriac Book of Steps (Liber Graduum) |
Rufinus, translator in trouble |
469 |
374-406 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Rufinus, translator in trouble |
Rufinus’ Commentary on the Apostles Creed |
21 |
374-406 |
E |
E |
E/S |
E |
S |
- |
- |
- |
- |
X |
X |
E |
E |
E |
E |
- |
- |
- |
- |
X |
- |
- |
Rufinus’ Commentary on the Apostles Creed |
Jerome (pupil of Gregory Nazianzen) (partial) |
~500 |
373-399 |
- |
W |
W |
W |
Q |
Q |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Jerome (pupil of Gregory Nazianzen) (partial) |
Jerome later part of life (translated Vulgate) |
~500 |
373-420 |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
- |
- |
- |
- |
X |
- |
- |
Jerome later part of life (translated Vulgate) |
Sozomen’s Ecclesiastical History |
89 |
370/380-425 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
E |
- |
Sozomen’s Ecclesiastical History |
Freer Gospels ms. (Washingtonensis) [W] |
|
300-450 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Freer Gospels (Washingtonensis) (W) |
Macedonian and Priscillian Heresies |
|
c.383, 385 |
Macedonians denied person of the Holy Spirit. Priscillian denied divinity of Christ and was executed in 385 A.D.. In 392 laws against paganism. |
Macedonian and Priscillian Heresies |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Damasus I of Rome (against Nica Creed) |
2 |
c.386-389/384 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Damasus of 1 (in Theodoret’s History) |
Sulpicius/Sulpitius Severus (pupil of Matrin) |
116 ½ |
363-420 |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
A |
- |
- |
- |
A |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
Sulpicius/Sulpitius Severus (pupil of Martin) |
Council of Carthage (218 bishops) |
39 |
393-419 |
W |
W |
I |
I |
X |
- |
- |
- |
X? |
X? |
X? |
W |
W |
X |
X |
- |
- |
- |
- |
X |
X |
X |
Council of Carthage (218 bishops) |
Council of Constantinop le, under Nectarius |
1 |
393 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
Council of Constantinople under Nectarius |
Epiphanius of Salamis The Panarion part 1 |
c.117 |
360-403 |
- |
- |
Q |
S |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Jubilees |
Epiphanius of Salamis (ex-Jew, 80 heresies) |
Gaudentius of Brescia |
|
After 406 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gaudentius of Brescia |
John Chrysostom (partial) |
~3000 |
-407 |
Q |
|
Q |
Q |
W |
|
A |
W |
|
|
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
|
|
John Chrysostom (partial) |
Chromatius |
|
407 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chromatius |
Asterius of Amasea |
|
c.410 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asterius of Amasea |
Niceta of Remesianus |
c.63 |
366-c.415 |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Niceta of Remesianus |
Orosius/Hosius of Braga (against Priscillian) |
c.20 |
414-418 |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Orosius/Hosius of Braga (against Priscillian) |
Theodore of Mopsuestia (Pelagian) |
c.94 |
392-423/429 |
- |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Jubilees |
Theodore of Mopsuestia (Pelagian heretic) |
Augustine of Hippo (pupil of Ambrose) |
~4500 |
388-8/28/430 |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
|
W |
W |
|
|
|
- |
- |
- |
|
X |
|
Augustine of Hippo (pupil of Ambrose) |
Synesius of Ptolemais (Cyrene) |
|
397-430 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Synesius of Ptolemais (Cyrene) |
John Cassian (Semi-Pelagian) |
422 ½ |
419-430 |
- |
- |
W |
S |
S |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
John Cassian (Semi-Pelagian) |
Nilus |
|
c.430 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nilus |
Marcus of Eremita |
|
After 430 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Marcus of Eremita |
Council of Ephesus vs. Nestorians (200 bish.) |
20 |
Jun-Sep 431 |
- |
- |
- |
S |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Council of Ephesus vs. Nestorians (200 b) |
Vincent of Lerins |
26 |
c.434 |
- |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Vincent of Lerins |
Isidore of Pelusium (2,000 extant letters) |
|
c.435 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Isidore of Pelusium (2,000 extant letters) |
Acacius of Melitene |
|
c.438 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acacius of Melitene |
Socrates’ Ecclesiastical History |
178 |
~400-439 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Socrates’ Ecclesiastical History |
Persians fight Armenians and Georgians |
|
449 |
Armenians and Georgians revolt after Yazdirg II tries to impose Zoroastrianism. |
Persians fight Armenians and Georgians |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Ephraemi Rescriptus manuscript [C] |
|
375 or400-450 |
- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Ephraemi Rescriptus manuscript [C] |
Nestorius’ Bazaar of Heracleides |
c.128 |
451/452 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Nestorius’ Bazaar of Heracleides |
Cyril of Alexandria |
|
444 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cyril of Alexandria |
Peter Chrysologus of Ravenna, Italy (vol.3 only) |
179 |
c.433-c.450 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Peter Chrysologus of Ravenna, Italy (vol.3 only) |
Quodvultdeus |
|
c.453 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quodvultdeus |
Julian of Eclanum |
|
c.454 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Julian of Eclanum |
Theodoret of Cyrus (bishop & historian) |
320 |
423-458 |
- |
- |
S |
Q |
Q |
A |
W |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Theodoret of Cyrus (bishop & historian) |
Many Christians killed in Persia, Armenia |
|
420-460 |
Bishop Abdas burned down a Zoroastrian temple. After he refused to rebuild it with his own money, Christian churches burned. |
Many Christians killed in Persia, Armenia |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Patrick of Ireland (English missionary to Irish) |
15 |
420-461 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Patrick of Ireland (English missionary to Irish) |
Prosper of Aquitaine (foe of Cassian) - partial |
c.12 |
426-465 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Prosper of Aquitaine (foe of Cassian) -partial |
Pope Leo I of Rome (turned back Attila) |
204 |
440-461 |
W |
- |
Q |
W |
- |
- |
½ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Pope Leo I of Rome (against Monophysites) |
Alexandrinus (Mt 25:7-Rev with gaps |
|
c.450 |
W |
W |
-? |
W |
- |
W |
W |
W |
- |
W |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
|
~W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Ps of Solomon |
Alexandrinus manuscript (A) |
Council of Chalcedon vs. Monophysites |
18 |
451 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Council of Chalcedon vs. Monophysites |
Oecumenius of Isauria |
|
5th century |
|
|
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Oecumenius of Isauria |
Sharahb’il Yakuf kills Ethiopian Christians |
|
c.472 |
Christian missionary Azqir among those killed. |
Sharahb’il Yakuf kills Ethiopian Christians |
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Varimadum |
|
445/480 |
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Varimadum |
What has been called the Athanasian Creed |
1 |
447/484 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
What has been called the Athanasian Creed |
Vigilius |
|
484 |
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Vigilius |
Arians persecute Christians in Algeria |
|
484 |
Arian Visigoth Hunneric persecutes Orthodox Christians in Tipasa, Algeria. |
Arians persecute Christians in Algeria |
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Gennadius/Jerome Lives of Illustrious Men |
40 |
480-495 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Gennadius/Jerome Lives of Illustrious Men |
Jacob of Serug/Sarug (Mar Jacob) (partial) |
9 |
519-521 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Jacob of Serug/Sarug (Mar Jacob) (partial) |
Arians persecute Christians in North Africa |
|
499-523 |
Arian Visigoth King Thrasimund persecutes Orthodox in Carthage and North Africa until his death. |
Arians persecute Christians in North Africa |
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Dhu Nuwas persecutes Christians in Yemen |
|
523-524 |
Jewish Yemeni king Yusuf As’ar Dhu Nuwas persecuted Christians in Yemen and Najran because the Byzantines were persecuting Jews. |
Dhu Nuwas persecutes Christians in Yemen |
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Benedict of Nursia Rule of St. Benedict |
|
ca.480-540 |
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Caesarius of Arles |
|
469/470-542 |
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Council of Constantinople II (c.153 present) condemns Nestorius, Origen & admirers |
13 |
553 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Council of Constantinople II (c.153 present) condemns Nestorius & Origen & admirers |
M. Aurelius Cassiodorus |
|
-560 |
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M. Aurelius Cassiodorus |
Gildas |
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c.570 |
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Gildas |
Byzantines persecute Egyptian Copts |
|
527-568, 572 |
Copts are Monophysites. Monophysites taught Jesus’ humanity and divinity are combined in one nature like a teaspoon of tea in the ocean. |
Byzantines persecute Egyptian Copts |
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Evagrius Scholasticus, church historian |
|
593 |
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Gregory of Rome, Doctor of the Church (partial) |
239 ½ |
590-605 |
W |
- |
Q |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Gregory of Rome, Doctor of the Church (partial) |
Venantius’ Poem on Easter |
1 ½ |
Lived c.530-609 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Venantius’ Poem on Easter |
John of Damascus |
100½ |
706-749 |
- |
- |
W |
W |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
John of Damascus |
Waldenses, Scholastics, Mystics, Wycliffe, Medieval Catholic Church |
- |
c.1000-1526 |
|
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X |
X |
Waldenses, Scholastics, Mystics, Wycliffe, Medieval Catholic and Orthodox churches |
Ulrich Zwingli, Swiss Reformer |
|
1454-1531 |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Ulrich Zwingli, Swiss Reformer |
Martin Luther (founder of Lutheranism) |
|
1483-1546 |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Martin Luther (founder of Lutheranism) |
Catholic Cardinal Cajetan (Luther’s time) |
|
1494-1534 |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Catholic Cardinal Cajetan (Luther’s time) |
Catholic |
- |
-present |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
|
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Catholic |
Greek Orthodox |
|
-present |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
W |
W |
W |
m |
|
W |
- |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Greek Orthodox |
Slavonic Orthodox |
|
-present |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
|
W |
- |
- |
|
X |
X |
Slavonic Orthodox |
Nestorian Churches (Syriac) |
|
430- |
|
|
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|
|
|
W |
W |
W |
|
X |
|
Nestorian Churches (Syriac) |
Coptic Churches |
|
-present |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
X |
X |
W |
W |
X |
X |
W |
W |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Coptic Churches |
Original 1611 King James Bible |
|
1611 |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
X |
X |
W |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Original King James Bible |
Protestant |
|
-present |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Protestant |
Writer |
Pages |
Date A.D. |
Tobit |
Ju-dith |
Wis-dom |
Ecclus |
Baruch |
Bel |
Susan |
3 Holy |
Manas |
3 Esdra |
4 Esdr |
1 Mac |
2 Mac |
3 Mac |
4 Mac |
Add Esth |
Ps 151 |
Ps 152-3 |
Ps 154-5 |
1 En och |
Sibyl |
+ mention of other books |
Writer |
* Note that Origen referred to the Wisdom of Solomon, but said that some do not consider it scripture.
www.Biblequery.org/Bible/BibleCanon/EarlyChristianApocryphaGrid.htm. References at www.Biblequery.org/Bible/bibleCanon/EarlyChristianApocryphaGridReferences.htm
Nobody considered that the prophecies of the Sibyl / Sibylline Oracles should be in the Old or New Testament. But these sayings, prior to Christ, were often compatible with a Judeo-Christian worldview, and were considered by some Christians as glimpses of truth God revealed to pagans prior to them knowing the scriptures.
STILL TO DO: Cyril of Jerusalem (4 entries), Sozomen’s Ecclesiastical History, Epiphanius of Salamis, Socrates’ Ecclesiastical History, Gregory Nazianzus, Gregory of Nyssa, Socrates, John Chrysostom (9 entries), Theodore of Mopsuestia, Nestorian Churches, Waldenses, Zwingli